Leaf external parts and types unit 4 anatomy and physiology lesson 4. Plant species with widely varying leaf shape, size and venation architecture cooccur in vegetation. Fifteen plant leaves with different types of venation. This is especially true when leaf arrangement is combined with other characteristics, such as the presence or absence of petioles or the quality of being sessile or nonsessile. Leaf tips and bases may also be unique, with names based on their shapes. Manual of leaf architecture pennsylvania state university. Leaf types and arrangements can give insight into why positioning is important for photosynthesis and overall plant vigor.
Reticulate and parallel venation may be unicostate pinnate with a single main midrib gives off lateral veins that proceed towards the. The margin has an indention or indentions that go less than halfway to the leaf midrib or midline. The two major types of venation, parallel and reticulate, can both be subdivided, and a third, distinct type of venation is found in ginkgo trees. Plants with alternate and spiral leaf arrangements have only one leaf. Anastomosing veins distinguish a network topologically from a simple dendritic treelike pattern which represents the primitive venation architecture. A leaf having a single or undivided lamina is called simple leaf.
Dp altus, mj canny, dr blackmanwater pathways in wheat leaves. This classification system does not only consider the geometric arrangement of different vein classes. They involve in the transportation of food produced in the leaf by photosynthesis and transportation of water into the leaf. Pdf a new leaf venation detection technique for plant species. Glossopteridales is a characteristic plant group of the late palaeozoic flora of southern hemisphere and represent different types of leaf genera. The basic vascular pattern of juvenile leaves is elaborated in adult rosette and cauline leaves, such that numbers of sec ondary veins and orders of minor venation are greater. It is the arrangement of veins and also the various veinlets in the leaves. In a reticulate venation, the veinlets are randomly arranged and form a complex network of veinlets. Many sets of terms and methods have been devised for describing leaves e. In most leaves, the primary photosynthetic tissue, the palisade mesophyll, is located on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of eucalyptus, palisade mesophyll is present on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral. Types of leaves there are many different types of leaves. Another way to identify leaves is by looking at leaf veins.
Reticulated venation is the most common vein formation in leaves. The pattern in arrangement of veins in the blade of a leaf is called as venation. The margin has an indention or indentions that go more than halfway to the leaf midrib or midline. Difference between reticulate and parallel venation. In pinnately parallel venation there is only single main vein called as midrib from where many small veins arises which are perpendicular to the midrib.
In palmately parallel venation numbers of veins arise from the base of. Dicotyledons, or plants with two seed leaves, are reticulateveined. Leaves may be simple a single leaf blade or lamina or compound with several leaflets. When the veins are irregularly distributed to form a channel, it is known as reticulate venation. In parallel veined leaves, the veins run parallel to each other. Modeling and visualization of leaf venation patterns algorithmic. Choose from 78 different sets of leaf venation flashcards on quizlet. There are three basic types of leaf arrangements found in trees and shrubs. Leaf is a green, dissimilar exogenous lateral flattened outgrowth which is borne on the node of a stem or its branch and is specialised to perform photosynthesis. The lower epidermis on the bottom of the leaf has holes in it for gas exchange. Veins are parallel to each other as in leaves of monocotyledonous plants grass, maize, sugarcane. Play this quiz called leaf venation and show off your skills. In the pinnipalmate arrangement, the lowest pair of secondary veins the pair closest to the blade base, in other words are thicker and more pronounced than higher ones, giving a sort of palmate look to the lower portion of the leaf in an overall pinnate scheme.
Two types of venation are reticulate venation and parallel venation. The different leaf types all have specific purposes and adaptations to help the plant thrive in its native terrain. The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called the venation pattern. Difference between reticulate and parallel venation key. Venation is the pattern made by the veins on the leaves. One fundamental feature of many leaf venation patterns, especially in the case of angiosperm leaves, is the presence of anastomoses. Leaf venation is basically of two types a reticulate venation. Leaves names leaf shapes learn to identify trees from.
The entire margin leaf has no serrated edges, and is composed by one continuous, smooth surface around the whole edge of the leaf this kind of leaf edge can come in several shapes such as linear picture, deltoid, eliptical, ovate and more. Most of the angiosperms with two cotyledons in the seed exhibit reticulate venation. Compound leaves are further described as pinnately, palmately, and. Certain classification schemes separate out some hardwoods with venation patterns blending pinnate and palmate characteristics. Types of leaves morphology of flowering plants for neet, aiims, aipmt, jipmer, premed simplified biology please like and subscribe.
The leaves of extant terrestrial plants show highly diverse and elaborate patterns of leaf venation. Definition, characteristics and functions with diagram. What are the different types of leaf venation in plants. The arrangement and distribution of veins and veinlets on the lamina of a leaf is called venation. Pdf the leaf venation as formed in a tensorial field. Modeling and visualization of leaf venation patterns.
One such clue is the leaf arrangement on the stem, which is formally known as phyllotaxy in botany. Reticulate venation in reticulate venation there isone main veinandmultiple side veinssprouting from the main vein. A leaf which has only one blade on its petiole is called a simple leaf most plants have simple leaves when the blade is divided into three or more sections, it is said to be a compound leaf there are many different kinds courtesy of wm. Nov 19, 2019 in a simple leaf, such as the banana leaf, the blade is completely undivided. Oct 18, 2017 types of leaves morphology of flowering plants for neet, aiims, aipmt, jipmer, premed simplified biology please like and subscribe. Leaves have many aspects at which to look during the identification process. Learn leaf venation with free interactive flashcards. Gymnocladus, albizia, gleditsia in certain instances. While the differences in foliar physiognomy have attracted numerous researchers, the signi. They are of two types, pinnate compound leaves and palmate compound leaves. The various types of leaf arrangements are usually one of the easiest vegetative characteristics to use in helping to identify vascular plants. Leaf identification learn about different leaf types in.
The arrangement of leaves on a stem is known as phyllotaxy. Leaves names identify trees from their leaves learn the names and shapes of leaves with these sweet moving hand made illustrations, like watching a. Venation is the arrangement pattern of veins on the blade of a leaf. Pdf evolutionary tendency in the venation pattern of. What are the types of venation science getting to know. In a compound leaf, the leaf blade is completely divided, forming leaflets, as in the locust tree. The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. The margin has a series of toothlike pointed teeth around the entire leaf edge. The design and function of leaf venation are important to plant. Reticulate venationin reticulate venation there isone main veinandmultiple side veinssprouting from the main vein. Different types of leaves with names, pictures, and.
Leaf venation venation refers to how the veins are orientated within the leaf structure. Foliage leaf venation is qualitatively different, with welldeveloped minor venation and freely ending veinlets. The purpose of any terminology or method for quantifying leaf form is to allow objective description of and comparisons among different types of leaves. The new leaf bearing axes are referred to as pinnae. Leaf arrangement is mainly limited to two basic petiole attachments. The arrangement of veins of a certain order in relation to. Fifteen plant leaves with different types of venation, stalk wellcome v0044556.
Veinlets form a network as in leaves of dicotyledonous plants china rose, peepul. The arrangement of veins and veinlets in the lamina of leaf. The opening and closing is controlled by a pair of guard cells, which surround each stoma. A compound leaf is that where the lamina is completely broken up into distinct segments or leaflets which are separately articulated at the base. The following is a defined list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Key difference reticulate vs parallel venation veins are visible traits present in the leaf that provide different characteristic features to the leaves. The picture below is a eucalyptus leaf which are eaten by many animals, but are particularly known for their association with possums and koalas. If veins run parallel monocot leaf leaves of monocotyl. Reticulated venation is one of three classifications of vein patterns found in a leaf.
The model can also be used as a stepping stone to study. Waterconducting capacities and vessel diameters of different vein types, and the. Click on the tags below to find other quizzes on the same subject. The elm ulmus and oak quercus are classic examples. The leaf shape may also be formed of lobes where the gaps between lobes do not reach to the main vein. Definition, characteristics, types of leaves, videos. Arabidopsis wildtype leaf venation are limited to qualita. Blade types are categorized by the differences between dozens of physical attributes that the veins, edge and overall shape of the blade may have. Leaves in monocots show parallel venation whereas leaves in dicots show reticulated venation. Venation is characteristic of the type of a leaf fig. The veins consist of vascular tissues which are important for the transport of food and water. A leaf is a dorsiventrally flattened organ, usually borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. The margin is even and smooth around the entire leaf edge.
In a simple leaf, such as the banana leaf, the blade is completely undivided. The term venation, when used in botany, refers to the distribution of veins in the leaf blade. In an alternate leaf arrangement, there is one leaf per plant node, and they alternate sides. Leaf venation is the pattern of veins in the blade of a leaf. The different leaf margins and their names onehowto. Mar 01, 2017 the entire margin leaf has no serrated edges, and is composed by one continuous, smooth surface around the whole edge of the leaf this kind of leaf edge can come in several shapes such as linear picture, deltoid, eliptical, ovate and more. This manual is organized in the same order as the database form. The arrangement of the veins and veinlets and their mode of distribution in the leaf blade is called the venation. The most common shapes include oval, truncate, elliptical, lancolate, and linear. This is a quiz called leaf venation and was created by member kflann. Venation pattern formation in arabidopsis thaliana vegetative leaves.
Nov 20, 2017 summary reticulate vs parallel venation. Leaf venation patterns of dicots and for comparison of ferns are analyzed according to. In this type, the veins branch and unite forming a complicated network all the veins are interconnected, like the strands of the net leaves of dicot plants generally have reticulate venation e. Pdf this paper presents a novel approach to classify the leaf shape and to identify plant species. The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be. In leaves with reticulated venation, veins are interconnected and form a weblike network. Reticulate venation involves netlike pattern of arrangement of veins. In a reticulate venation, the veinlets are arranged in a random fashion to form a complex network of veinlets. Evolution anf function of leaf venation architecture sciencedirect. The digital version of the filemaker pro entry form is on the cd that contains this manual. As a bonus, we share some of the common uses of each tree, like decoration, fuel, furniture, etc.
Pdf evolution and function of leaf venation architecture. Gymnosperm leaf types conebearing or naked seeded plants often display different leaf types than those associated with. Plants withtap root systemhave reticulate venation e. Venation is defined as the arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the leaves. Parallel venation involves smaller veins running parallel to each other.
To introduce plant nomenclature and classification. The arrangement of veins in the lamina is termed as venation, it is two types. Evolution and function of leaf venation architecture. Shape modeling of plant leaves with unstructured meshes.